Fixes for the remainder of lib/SimpleSAML

This introduces the following:

- The use of Request objects to handle request data to controllers.
- The use of Response objects to model responses that should be sent to the browser.
- The use of "controllers" that are responsible for translating a request into a response.
- The possibility to define your own URLs on each module by specifying them, together with their controllers, in a "routes.yaml" file in the root of a module.
- The new UI is completely separated from the old, so "usenewui" must be set to "true" in the configuration.
- Twigified templates are not used unless we're using the new UI, or the twig template is part of a theme.

Doing so allows us to mock the class. Otherwise, the _autoload_module.php is always called first, and when it tries to register the functions from that class, it automatically autoloads it, making it impossible to mock it afterwards.

Instead of one cache, we need to use two: one for the list of modules available, and the other for the details for them. Those caches should be filled independently, so that someone calling getModules() does not trigger the code checking of the modules are enabled or finding their hooks.

The issue here is that every time we need to list the modules or check if they are enabled, we just iterate over the modules directory and subdirectories, which is terribly expensive. Instead of doing so, we build a cache of modules specifying if they are enabled or not. In the end, this is also fixing another issue, given that enabling/disabling a module in the middle of a request being processed could lead to inconsistencies and unexpected behaviour (likely exceptions and horrible crashes). Modules should be checked in the beginning of a request and their state (enabled/disabled) frozen until the request is processed to avoid that, and this is the way to achieve so.

Additionally, we take the chance to check if modules are enabled when we search for them. This reduces the processing time to around a third of the original without this fix.

Currently, if we try to load a class from a module, and the config.php
is absent, we will get an error about the missing configuration file.

There is no reason for the configuration file to be mandatory here,
since we have reasonable fallbacks, so fix the code to make it
optional.

This should make it easier to write tests for code in modules.

Move SimpleSAML_Utilities:::getBaseURL() to SimpleSAML\Utils\HTTP::getBaseURL() and deprecate the former.

Move SimpleSAML_Utilities::addURLparameter() to SimpleSAML\Utils\HTTP::addURLParameters() and deprecate the former.

SimpleSAML_Module: add module.enable configuration option for enabling/disabling modules (issue #475).

git-svn-id: https://simplesamlphp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@3218 44740490-163a-0410-bde0-09ae8108e29a

Thanks to Ryan Panning for providing this patch.

git-svn-id: https://simplesamlphp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@3065 44740490-163a-0410-bde0-09ae8108e29a

git-svn-id: https://simplesamlphp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@2657 44740490-163a-0410-bde0-09ae8108e29a

Replace uses of utilities::selfURLhost() followed by config->getBaseURL with a call to utilities::getBaseURL().

git-svn-id: https://simplesamlphp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@2389 44740490-163a-0410-bde0-09ae8108e29a

git-svn-id: https://simplesamlphp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@2054 44740490-163a-0410-bde0-09ae8108e29a

git-svn-id: https://simplesamlphp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@849 44740490-163a-0410-bde0-09ae8108e29a

git-svn-id: https://simplesamlphp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@822 44740490-163a-0410-bde0-09ae8108e29a

git-svn-id: https://simplesamlphp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@809 44740490-163a-0410-bde0-09ae8108e29a

git-svn-id: https://simplesamlphp.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@808 44740490-163a-0410-bde0-09ae8108e29a