Update Negotiate.php

This commit addresses Issue 268 and makes the negotiate module a bit more configurable, like the ldap-module it's leaning on..

to a default value and then executing a test to change it.

Added some very basic tests for the AttributeAlter module.

Fixed a bug in how %replace is handled when 'target' is specified to avoid multiple attribute values
instead of replacing the attribute value.

Removed new call before makeException.

The `makeException` function returns an instantiated object, so the
caller shouldn't also call `new`.

# By ezero
# Via ezero
* 'master' of github.com:simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp:
  MINOR: When using HTTP protocol the $_SERVER['HTTPS'] is not set.

Checking for $_SERVER['HTTPS'] to be set, as it wasn't set when accessing simplesamlphp using HTTP protocol. This just gives a notice type error.

Update jQuery version to the latest 1.8.x. Make those templates specifying a version to stop doing it. This resolves #24, at least for some time.

Fix new attributemaps

SimpleSAML\Utils\Attributes::getExpectedAttribute(): Check if the attribute has any values, and raise an exception if not.

Refactor SimpleSAML\Utils\Arrays::normalizeAttributesArray() to SimpleSAML\Utils\Attributes::normalizeAttributesArray().

Duplicate the $state['SimpleSAML_Auth_Default.*'] entries to $state['SimpleSAML_Auth_Source.*'] where needed, while we are transitioning to 2.0. Leave those that will be removed in SimpleSAML_Auth_Default. Move the rest of the code to the new entries in the state array.

Take back the migration of SimpleSAML_Auth_Default::initLogout(), initLogoutReturn() and logoutCompleted(), as they are not used anywhere. We'll just deprecate them and remove them in 2.0 then.

Throw an exception in SimpleSAML_Auth_Simple when the auth source cannot be found. This avoids trying to access a method in an object that's actually null.

Revert the new configuration option for the core:PHP authproc. Since we need to serialize authprocs and SP metadata in the state array, and closures are not serializable, it doesn't work. We could create a new module with this, adding a dependency on opis/closure 2.0.* or equivalent, to be able to serialize closures.

Move SimpleSAML_Auth_Default::initLogoutReturn() to SimpleSAML_Auth_Source and deprecate the former.